در زبان انگلیسی برای اینکه نشان دهید یک اسم به اسم دیگری متعلق است و به عبارتی مالکیت آن را بیان کنید، باید در جملات خود از ضمایر ملکی و صفات ملکی استفاده نمایید. گرامر و جایگاه صفات ملکی و ضمایر ملکی در جمله تفاوتهایی با هم دارد. در این مقاله همراه ما باشید تا به بررسی ضمیر ملکی و صفت ملکی انگلیسی بپردازیم.
ضمایر ملکی انگلیسی کدامند؟
ضمایر ملکی یا possessive pronouns شامل mine, hers. his, yours, its, ours و theirs هستند. در فارسی این ضمایر معادل ندارند و به صورت (مال من، مال تو، مال او، مال ما، مال شما، مال آنها) ترجمه میشوند. ما میتوانیم به جای استفاده از یک عبارت اسمی مانند (Mary’s mom) به تنهایی فقط از ضمیر ملکی (hers) استفاده کنیم.
صفات ملکی انگلیسی کدامند؟
صفات ملکی یا possessive adjectives برای نشان دادن مالکیت کسی یا چیزی بهکار میروند. صفات ملکی در انگلیسی مالکیت اسم را نشان میدهند و همیشه قبل از اسم میآیند. صفات ملکی شامل my, his, her, its, their, your و our هستند.
که خلاصه این موارد را میتوان د ر جدول زیر مشاهده نمود:
ضمیر ملکی | صفت ملکی | فاعل |
Mine | My | I |
Yours | Your | You |
His | His | He |
Hers | Her | She |
Its | Its | It |
Ours | Our | We |
Yours | Your | You |
Theirs | their | they |
به طور کلی میتوان گفت از صفات و ضمایر ملکی برای نشان دادن مالکیت کسی یا چیزی استفاده میکنند. تفاوت این دو در اسم و ضمیر است. اگر بعد از آن، از اسم استفاده شود، صفت ملکی و اگر بعد از آن اسم استفاده نشود، ضمیر ملکی نام دارد. به عنوان مثال:
This laptop is his laptop and not my laptop. This laptop is his and not mine.
این لپ تاپ اوست و لپ تاپ من نیست. این لپ تاپ مال اونه و مال من نیست.
These keys are her keys and not your keys. These keys are hers and not yours.
این کلیدهای اوست و کلیدهای من نیستند. این کلیدها مال اونه و نه مال من.
Are that your motor bikes over there? Yes, they are ours.
آیا آن موتورسیکلتها برای شمااست؟ بله آنها مال ماست.
Is this your grandparents’ house? Yes, it’s theirs.
اینجا خانه پدربزرگ شماست؟ بله مال آنهاست.
This isn’t my sister’s cat. Hers is much bigger and has a darker fur.
این گربه خواهر من نیست. مال اون بزرگتره و موی بیشتری دارد.
جدول ضمایر ملکی و صفات ملکی انگلیسی
برخی از کاربردهای صفات ملکی انگلیسی:
- برای نشان دادن تعلق چیزی به کسی
That’s our house.
My t-shirt is very nice.
- برای روابط و دوستیها
My father is a doctor.
How old is your mom?
- برای اعضای بدن
She’s washing her hands.
I need to clean my room.
از دست ندهید: ضمایر اشاره و صفات اشاره در انگلیسی
تفاوت ضمیر ملکی و صفت ملکی انگلیسی
ضمایر ملکی، مانند تمامی ضمایر دیگر جایگزین اسم شده و به آن مالکیت میبخشند. ضمایر ملکی علاوه بر اسم، میتواند جایگزین یک عبارت اسمی هم شود و در جملات روزمره، برای جلوگیری از تکرار آن عبارت اسمی یا اسم، از آنها استفاده میشود.
صفات ملکی کاربرد متفاوتی داشته و زمانی در جمله استفاده میشوند که میخواهید بیان کنید یک اسم متعلق به فرد خاصی است. صفات ملکی قبل از اسم قرار گرفته اما ضمایر ملکی به صورت مستقل در جمله استفاده میشوند و نیازی نیست پس از آنها یک اسم بیاورید.
- ضمایر ملکی: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours و theirs
- صفات ملکی: my, your, his, her, its, our, your و their
به طور کلی از ضمایر ملکی برای صحبت در مورد یک شخص، مکان یا چیزی که قبلاً در جمله توضیح داده شده است استفاده کنید و با بیان آن از تکرار در جملات جلوگیری نمایید.
possessive adjective: صفت ملکی
possessive pronoun: ضمیر ملکی
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my = possessive adjective mine = possessive pronoun |
It’s my dog. This dog is mine. |
my, mine | ||||||
your = possessive adjective yours = possessive pronoun |
It’s your book. It’s yours. |
your, yours | ||||||
his = possessive adjective his = possessive pronoun |
It’s his bicycle. It’s his. |
his, his | ||||||
her = possessive adjective hers = possessive pronoun |
It’s her guitar. It’s hers. |
her, hers
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The bear is feeding its cubs. |
its, —
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our = possessive adjective ours = possessive pronoun |
This is our car. This car is ours. |
our, ours
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your = possessive adjective yours = possessive pronoun |
Your baby is beautiful. Which house is yours? |
your, yours
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their = possessive adjective theirs = possessive pronoun |
We’re going in their car. Is this car theirs? |
their, theirs
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مثال ضمیر ملکی و صفت ملکی انگلیسی
That’s our house.
اون خونه ماست.
That is my shirt.
اون پیراهن منه.
Have you seen her new shoes?
کفشهای جدیدش را دیدی؟
Thomas enjoys his new guitar.
توماس از گیتار جدیدش لذت میبرد.
Your bowling balls are black and theirs are red.
توپهای بولینگ شما سیاه و توپ آنها قرمز است.
My plane is delayed.
هواپیمای من تاخیر دارد.
Your dinner is ready.
شام شما آماده است.
Could you bring his tea out to him?
میتونی چایی شو براش بیاری؟
Remember not to judge a book by its cover.
بخاطر داشته باش که یک کتابو از جلدش قضاوت نکنی.
مطالعه کنید: کاربرد it در گرامر زبان انگلیسی
That is her car and this one here is mine.
اون ماشین، مال اونه و این یکی ماشین منه.
What’s your address?
آدرست چیه؟
My car is in front of the school.
ماشین من جلوی مدرسه است.
Put your coats on the back of your seats.
کتهاتون رو پشت صندلی هاتون قرار بدید.
Our new Maths teacher is very nice.
معلم ریاضی جدید ما خیلی خوبه.
My sister is always tired. Her job is difficult.
خواهر من همیشه خسته است. کارش خیلی سخته.
Your hotel is near the city center while ours is near the airport.
هتل شما نزدیک مرکز شهر و هتل ما نزدیک فرودگاه است.
We don’t need help with our project but the boys need help with theirs.
ما برای پروژه مون به کمک نیاز نداریم اما پسرها به کمک نیاز دارن.
I’m a friend of his.
من دوستش هستم.
You’re a student of mine.
تو شاگرد من هستی.
در جدول زیر میتوانید چند مثال از تفاوت صفت و ضمیر ملکی را مشاهده نمایید:
Possessive Pronoun ضمیر ملکی |
Possessive Adjective صفت ملکی |
No, it’s mine.
No, it’s yours. Yes, it’s his. No, hers is brown. —- (We don’t use its) This dog is ours. Yes, it’s yours. No, it isn’t theirs. |
This is my house.
Is this your bike? This is his book. Her pullover is green. Here is its ball. We like our dog. Is this your car? This is their telephone.
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مطالعه کنید: کاربرد let’s در زبان انگلیسی
نکته: به یاد داشته باشید که ضمایر ملکی هرگز از آپستروف استفاده نمی کنند.
شکل غلط جمله :
Don’t judge a book by it’s cover.
شکل صحیح:
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
برای درک بهتر تفاوت ضمایر و صفات ملکی انگلیسی، ویدئوی زیر را تماشا کنید:
مثالهایی برای نمایش تفاوت صفات و ضمایر ملکی
برای درک بهتر تفاوت بین صفات ملکی و ضمایر ملکی، به مثالهای زیر توجه کنید. هر دو حالت صحیح است اما بیان جمله با کمک ضمایر ملکی، باعث عدم تکرار یک کلمه خواهد شد.
از دست ندهید: تفاوت بین who و whom در زبان انگلیسی
حالت اول
Those are my Nike sneakers. They are not your nike sneakers.
حالت دوم با استفاده از ضمایر ملکی
Those are my Nike sneakers. They are not yours.
این کفشهای ورزشی نایک من هستن . مال تو نیستن
مثال دوم )
حالت اول
I didn’t have my textbook for English class, so Tom lent me his textbook.
حالت دوم با استفاده از ضمایر ملکی
I didn’t have my textbook for English class, so Tom lent me his.
برای کلاس انگلیسی کتاب نداشتم پس تام کتابش را به من قرض داد
مثال سوم )
حالت اول
Your travel plans sound just as exciting as my travel plans.
حالت دوم با استفاده از ضمایر ملکی
Your travel plans sound just as exciting as mine.
برنامههای سفر تو، به اندازه برنامههای سفر من هیجان انگیز بنظر میرسن.
مطالعه کنید: بیان تشابه با as….as در انگلیسی
استفاده همزمان از صفات و ضمایر ملکی در جمله
Your cat is Cute, but not as cute as ours.
گربه شما ناز است اما نه به نازی گربه ما.
My pen won’t work, can I borrow yours?
خودکارم کار نمیکند میتوانم مال تو را قرض بگیرم؟
تمرین ضمیر ملکی و صفت ملکی انگلیسی
possessive pronouns
Quiz
Choose the correct possessive pronoun for each sentence.
1. ____________ dog is playful.
a) Its
b) It’s
c) Their
d) They’re
2. The concert tickets are ____________.
a) our
b) ours
c) us
d) we
3. Sarah found ____________ keys in the drawer.
a) her
b) hers
c) she
d) their
4. The children are playing with ____________ toys.
a) his
b) him
c) theirs
d) their
5. Is this ____________ book?
a) your
b) yours
c) you
d) yourself
6. The phone is ringing. Is it ____________?
a) her
b) hers
c) she
d) they
7. These cookies are delicious! Can I have some of ____________?
a) your
b) yours
c) you
d) yourself
8. John and Emily are siblings. ____________ parents are coming to visit.
a) Their
b) Them
c) They
d) Themselves
9. The concert starts in ten minutes. We should take ____________ seats now.
a) our
b) ours
c) us
d) we
10. The kitten is grooming ____________ carefully.
a) its
b) it’s
c) their
d) they’re
Answers:
1. a) Its
2. b) ours
3. b) hers
4. d) their
5. b) yours
6. a) her
7. b) yours
8. a) Their
9. a) our
10. a) its
Exercise
Exercise 1: Rewrite with Possessive Pronouns
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined nouns with possessive pronouns.
1. The car belongs to John. ___________________ car belongs to John.
2. The house is owned by my parents. ___________________ house is owned by my parents.
3. The book is on the table. ___________________ book is on the table.
4. The dog loves its toy. ___________________ dog loves ___________________ toy.
5. The laptop belongs to Sarah. ___________________ laptop belongs to Sarah.
Exercise 2: Identify the Possessive Pronoun
In each sentence, identify the possessive pronoun used.
1. This bike is mine.
2. His shoes are by the door.
3. Our team won the championship.
4. Whose pen is this?
5. The cat licked its paws.
Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronouns.
1. Is this ___________ book? (she)
2. The bike is old, but ___________ still works. (I)
3. The children love playing with ___________ toys. (they)
4. Mark is fixing ___________ car. (he)
5. The teacher praised ___________ students for their hard work. (we)
Exercise 4: Possessive Pronoun Agreement
Choose the correct possessive pronoun that agrees with the noun.
1. The girl and ___________ brother are coming over later. (she, her)
2. Peter and Tom are best friends. ___________ always support each other. (they, their)
3. My sister and ___________ friends went shopping. (I, my)
4. The team is celebrating ___________ victory. (its, their)
5. The dog wagged ___________ tail happily. (its, it’s)
Exercise 5: Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronouns to complete the dialogue.
Person A: “Is this pen yours?”
Person B: “No, it’s not ___________. ___________ pen is blue.”
Exercise 6: Possessive Pronouns or Possessive Adjectives?
Choose whether a possessive pronoun (PP) or possessive adjective (PA) should be used in each sentence.
1. ___________ dog is playful. (PP)
2. This is ___________ new dress. (PA)
3. ___________ toys are in the box. (PA)
4. The cat licked ___________ paws. (PP)
5. Is this ___________ backpack? (PP)
Exercise 7: Rewrite with Possessive Pronouns
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined phrases with possessive pronouns.
1. The car of my friend is parked outside. The car ___________________ is parked outside.
2. The house of the Smiths is for sale. The house ___________________ is for sale.
3. The book of the teacher is on the desk. The book ___________________ is on the desk.
4. The toys of the children are scattered on the floor. The toys ___________________ are scattered on the floor.
5. The laptop of Sarah is new. The laptop ___________________ is new.
Exercise 8: Possessive Pronouns in Questions
Complete the questions using the appropriate possessive pronouns.
1. Is this ___________ cat? (you)
2. Whose bike is this? Is it ___________? (she)
3. Are these ___________ shoes? (they)
4. Do you know whose bag this is? Is it ___________? (he)
5. Have you seen ___________ phone? (I)
Exercise 9: Possessive Pronouns and Contractions
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined words with the correct possessive pronoun or contraction.
1. The dog wagged its tail happily. The dog wagged ___________ tail happily.
2. The dress belongs to her. The dress belongs to ___________.
3. This is my brother’s car. This is ___________ car.
4. Their house is beautiful. ___________ house is beautiful.
5. Is that your book? Is that ___________ book?
Exercise 10: Possessive Pronouns in Context
Read the paragraph and fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronouns.
“Sarah and John found a lost dog. They took ___________ to ___________ home and gave ___________ some food. The dog wagged ___________ tail and seemed happy to have found ___________ way back.”
Answers
Exercise 1:
1. His
2. Their
3. The
4. Its, its
5. Her
Exercise 2:
1. mine
2. His
3. Our
4. Whose
5. its
Exercise 3:
1. her
2. it
3. their
4. his
5. their
Exercise 4:
1. her
2. They, their
3. my
4. their
5. its
Exercise 5:
Person A: “Is this pen yours?”
Person B: “No, it’s not mine. My pen is blue.”
Exercise 6:
1. Its (PP)
2. this (PA)
3. Our (PA)
4. its (PP)
5. your (PP)
Exercise 7:
1. of my friend / my friend’s
2. of the Smiths / the Smiths’
3. of the teacher / the teacher’s
4. of the children / the children’s
5. of Sarah / Sarah’s
Exercise 8:
1. your
2. hers
3. their
4. his
5. my
Exercise 9:
1. its
2. hers
3. my
4. Their
5. your
Exercise 10:
“Sarah and John found a lost dog. They took it to their home and gave it some food. The dog wagged its tail and seemed happy to have found its way back.”